Essay about Hist204 African American Annotated Bibliography

African Americans Hester 1 The African American race and the events they have been involved in from 1865- resent day, have single handedly contributed to and shaped the race they are today and the issues they deal with now. There are six specific areas of history that had great impact an effect on shaping African Americans, their culture, the society, and even social status to date. These events include The Civil War, this marked the beginning of freedom for blacks or so they thought. It directly relates to and shows how blacks were given something or promised a way of life but treated completely different. It also sparked all types of injustices one being segregation and the long standing feud between southern and Northern whites. The†¦show more content†¦The focus is on racial interactions following Emancipation, the complex relationship between race and class, and how segregation practices varied from state to state. Thomas, Brook, ed. Plessy vs. Ferguson: A Brief History with Documents. Boston: Bedford books 1997 Plessy vs. Ferguson was a case in 1896. Plessy was an African American who refused to sit in the â€Å"colored† train car and instead tried to sit in the â€Å"white† carriage car. Plessy was of course arrested for violating an 1890 Louisiana Statue that provided for segregated â€Å"separate but equal† railroad rules. If you used facilities not delegated for your race you could be held legally liable by the statue of the state. Plessy was found guilty in a court to of law against Justice John H. Ferguson residing, on the grounds that the law was a reasonable exercise of the states police powers based on custom, usage and tradition in the state. Plessy ended u filing a petition for writs of prohibition in the Supreme Court of Louisiana against Ferguson. Plessy stated that segregation stigmatized blacks and stamped them with a badge of inferiority. The court found for Ferguson and the Supreme Court granted the cert. This is one of the many events that paved the way for things like the civil rights movement. It put blacks in a state of mind that made them realize they may not be what the Southern whites profess tem to be. It also paved the way for court cases like

Charles Darwin s Theory Of Natural Selection Essay

When Charles Darwin first developed his theory of Natural selection, he discovered that â€Å"Individuals in populations vary their â€Å"heritable† traits† (Leicht and McAllister, 2006. p. 157). And that â€Å"if a particular inherited trait confers a higher likelihood of survival and reproduction, individuals with that trait will leave more offspring than other individuals in the population† (Leicht and McAllister, 2006. p.157). With this in mind, during project 3 we took pooled data of the entire class in order to analyze extracted DNA to evaluate the genetic variation between the genes TAS2R38 and PV92. The gene TAS2R38 is located on chromosome seven, while PV92 is located on chromosome sixteen. TAS2R38 encodes a protein that is responsible for some people being able to taste bitter things like Phenylthiocarbamide paper also known as â€Å"PTC paper† (Wooding, 2006). Unlike the TAS2R38 gene, PV92 â€Å"does not encode a protein† (Leicht and McAl lister, 2006). It, instead, is an Alu element and uses primers to insert itself in PCR products in order to determine whether or not it is present (Batzer et al., 1994). Since the TAS2R38 and PV92 genes are well known to be easily distinguishable using gel electrophoresis for PCR products, we used them because neither loci will express any fixation or any loss of an allele in small populations (Leicht and McAllister, 2006). Like in any biological field we used a Polymerase Chain Reaction (or PCR for short), which is used to amplify â€Å"specific DNAShow MoreRelatedCharles Darwin And Darwin s Theory Of Natural Selection1489 Words   |  6 Pagesbaffled to discover that this species has been completely altered. This outcome is a direct result of a ubiquitous phenomenon theorized by none other than Charles Darwin, a prestigious naturalist and biologist. This venerable man was able to unveil many revelations regarding variability through the development of his theory of natural selec tion (Darwin and Huxley xii). Having an inherent adoration toward nature as a young child likely provided a significant incentive. Though Darwin’s thesis is not immaculateRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Natural Selection1399 Words   |  6 Pages(thoughtco). Charles Darwin’s theory clearly state that evolution occurs by natural selection. Darwin published a book in 1859 on the origin of species. In the book Darwin talks about the philosophy of natural selection. Natural selection is when a group of species show variation in their physical characters. This is because of the difference in their gene. Charles Darwin proposed that natural selection acts to preserve accumulate minor advantageous genetic mutations (Darwin’s-theory-of-evolution)Read MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Natural Selection2372 Words   |  10 PagesCharles Darwin in his theory of natural selection said â€Å" the fittest of the fittest will survive,† and year after year China has p roven they are the fittest by climbing the economic ladder, as Mark Schwartz Vice Chairman of Goldman Sachs and Chairman of Golden Sachs Asia Pacific, claims in his speech â€Å"China’s Economic Success and Opportunities,† â€Å"China is coming out of a period of rapid growth almost ten percent over the last thirty (30) years. In 2013 China’s gross domestic product (GDP) was 9Read MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution And Natural Selection2114 Words   |  9 PagesCharles Darwin Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, England, on February 12, 1809. He died on April 19, 1882 in Kent, England (Biography.com Editors). Charles Darwin brought many revolutionary visions to the world of science, including evolution. Charles Darwin was an English naturalist and geologist. He is best known for his theory of evolution, and natural selection. Darwin learned most of his information on the Voyage of the Beagle, and from this trip he wrote a book, Of the Origin of SpeciesRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Natural Selection1408 Words   |  6 Pagesoffspring benefit in result of the heritable genes and eventually through generations, the variants will be spread throughout the entire population (Montgomery, 2009). Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection can be supported through both fossils and homologous structures. A technique that supports Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection is fossils. A fossil is the remnant or imprint of a previous animal embedded in rock and preserved in petrified form (J, Castro, 2013). Fossils are used and areRead MoreCharles Darwin s Theory Of Evolution And Natural Selection1535 Words   |  7 PagesCharles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist. Charles Darwin’s theory of evolution is based on a mechanism that he titled natural selection. Natural selection is, as defined by Darwin in his book On the Origin of Species, the method of being naturally selected for a better chance of survival in an environment. Evolution itself is the process by which organisms develop and adapt over generations. â€Å"†¦ it follows that any being, if it vary however slightly in any mannerRead MoreHow Did Thomas Malthus Inspire Charles Darwin s Theory Of Natural Selection? Essay1014 Words   |  5 PagesMalthus inspire Charles Darwin’s theory of natural selection? Define natural selection. Thomas Malthus stated that the human population would eventually decrease significantly. His reasoning was that there would be a scarcity of food and other vital resources, leaving only the fittest of the species to survive. These â€Å"fittest† of the species would then pass on their traits to their offspring. Darwin used this is a firm foundation for his natural selection theory. Natural selection is the idea thatRead MoreEvolution Is The Biological Ideal For The History Of Life On Earth814 Words   |  4 Pagesof life on Earth. (Evolution fact and theory). It is the process by which an organism becomes more refined over time and in response to its environment. Evolution is about how we evolved; how Neanderthals and cave men evolved into Homo sapiens much like what we are today. It’s about how creatures evolved over time, dinosaurs becoming extinct through natural selection and how sharks have been alive for over 400 million years; it’s all about how natural s election chooses the best qualities and how theyRead MoreThe Theory Of Science And Technology1454 Words   |  6 Pageslive in today. Charles Robert Darwin was an English geologist and naturalist, best known for his significant addition to the science of evolution. He had a theory that all species have inherited traits over time from common ancestors, and in a partnership with Alfred Russel Wallace introduced his scientific theory that this pattern of evolution resulted from an action that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the natural selection involved in selectiveRead MoreThe Scientific Theory Of Science And Technology1449 Words   |  6 Pageslive in today. Charles Robert Darwin was an English geologist and naturalist, best known for his significant addition to the science of evolution. He had a theory that all species have inherited traits over time from common ancestors, and in a partnership with Alfred Russel Wallace int roduced his scientific theory that this pattern of evolution resulted from an action that he called natural selection, in which the struggle for existence has a similar effect to the natural selection involved in selective

Prelude to Foundation Author’s Note Free Essays

When I wrote â€Å"Foundation,† which appeared in the May 1942 issue of Astounding Science Fiction, I had no idea that I had begun a series of stories that would eventually grow into six volumes and a total of 650,000 words (so far). Nor did I have any idea that it would be unified with my series of short stories and novels involving robots and my novels involving the Galactic Empire for a grand total (so far) of fourteen volumes and a total of about 1,450,000 words. You will see, if you study the publication dates of these books, that there was a twenty-five-year hiatus between 1957 and 1982, during which I did not add to this series. We will write a custom essay sample on Prelude to Foundation Author’s Note or any similar topic only for you Order Now This was not because I had stopped writing. Indeed, I wrote full-speed throughout the quarter century, but I wrote other things. That I returned to the series in 1982 was not my own notion but was the result of a combination of pressures from readers and publishers that eventually became overwhelming. In any case, the situation has become sufficiently complicated for me to feel that the readers might welcome a kind of guide to the series, since they were not written in the order in which (perhaps) they should be read. The fourteen books, all published by Doubleday, offer a kind of history of the future, which is, perhaps, not completely consistent, since I did not plan consistency to begin with. The chronological order of the books, in terms of future history (and not of publication date), is as follows: The Complete Robot (1982). This is a collection of thirty-one robot short stories published between 1940 and 1976 and includes every story in my earlier collection I Robot (1950). Only one robot short story has been written since this collection appeared. That is â€Å"Robot Dreams,† which has not yet appeared in any Doubleday collection. The Caves of Steel (1954). This is the first of my robot novels. The Naked Sun (1957). The second robot novel. The Robots of Dawn (1983). The third robot novel. Robots and Empire (1985). The fourth robot novel. The Currents of Space (1952). This is the first of my Empire novels. The Stars, Like Dust (1951). The second Empire novel. Pebble in the Sky (1950). The third Empire novel. Prelude to Foundation (1988). This is the first Foundation novel (although it is the latest written, so far). Foundation (1951). The second Foundation novel. Actually, it is a collection of four stories, originally published between 1942 and 1944, plus an introductory section written for the book in 1949. Foundation and Empire (1952). The third Foundation novel, made up of two stories, originally published in 1945. Second Foundation (1953). The fourth Foundation novel, made up of two stories, originally published in 1948 and 1949. Foundations Edge (1982). The fifth Foundation novel. Foundation and Earth (1983). The sixth Foundation novel. Will I add additional books to the series? I might. There is room for a book between Robots and Empire (5) and The Currents of Space (6) and between Prelude to Foundation (9) and Foundation (10) and of course between others as well. And then I can follow Foundation and Earth (14) with additional volumes-as many as I like. Naturally, there’s got to be some limit, for I don’t expect to live forever, but I do intend to hang on as long as possible. How to cite Prelude to Foundation Author’s Note, Essay examples

Country vs City free essay sample

Countryside Looking for a good place to settle is not easy like you finish your homework or your job. I lived in countryside until 12, and then my family moved to a big city. Thus, I have experienced the conflicting living in countryside and a big city. By comparing and contrasting my own experience living in countryside and one in a big city, I would prefer someday to live in a big city because of the modern life, high education, and good health care. First of all, living in a big city is more modern than one in countryside. In countryside, the life is very peaceful and safe. For example, people living in countryside dont have to worry much about how their life looks. They just go to work and make enough money to support their family. Also, everything in countryside seems to be quiet, and the neighborhood is very friendly and generous, too. We will write a custom essay sample on Country vs City or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page They can share each other everything such as fruits, foods, and clothing. Therefore, people can enjoy themselves without annoying from anything. Besides, nobody can deny the fresh air in countryside. The less transportation and more places such as parks and gardens make countryside become more peaceful and healthy. Although living in a big city is not peaceful and quiet like living in countryside, people feel more comfortable and convenient. For instance, if you want to go somewhere or to save your money from gasoline, there are lots of public transportations such as the bus, railroad, and train which are always available to support people. Additionally, a big city is often a place where many problems like robbery, violation, rape, etc occur mostly in a city, but the security is always available and ready to solve any problem. On the contrary, people living in countryside lack of this service; for example, if they are in danger, who will be there to save them immediately? The security has to spend at least a half an hour to be there, I guess. In short, living in countryside is more peaceful and none-stressful, but people living a big city usually have enough supporting services for them. The second obvious reason why I prefer to live in a big city is the high education. Everyone wants to have a good job to get more money, and one of the best ways to succeed is education. Nowadays there are a lot of famous universities and colleges, and these schools totally locate in a big city. Most of people try to attend these schools to gain their knowledge, so they tend to move and live in a big city. Also, education in a big city supports the high technology that helps students and teachers easily have a successful academic. For example, the increase in the libraries, laps, internet, etc helps students get information anytime they want. On the contrary, education in countryside is a serious problem. High school graduation rates in countryside are always lower than one in a big city. Many people would think that since the students are not intelligent, the graduation rates are low. Nevertheless, it is not true in this case. Students living in countryside are even more diligent than ones in a big city because there is less entertainment center for them, so the only thing student should do is to do their homework. However, just a few students succeed in countryside. The reason must be the lack of good education. The schools didnt support enough reference books in the library, computers, or even good teachers. These lead to why people living in a big city gain more knowledge than ones in countryside. The last reason I choose to live in a big city is about health care. Nowadays in countryside, government established more health care such as the hospital, clinic, and medical station, and people can get there easily and quickly when they are in trouble. However, what people really need is not the number of health care, but the quality of it. For instance, if you are staying at home, and your heart attack is suddenly relapsed, I bet the health care will take long to put you in a hospital. Also, the countryside hospitals cant be sure whether or not they can rescue you because of the lack of the high and modern medical machines. The result is eventually that you still need to be transferred to a big modern hospital in a big city. A big city is not only a big modern city originally but also a face of a country, so government always supports the best ways and medical services for people. For example, if a country is suffered by a spreading virus such as the swine flu, I believe that people living in a big city will be able to get the vaccine first. Besides, there are many modern medical machines and good doctors that can easily determine what disease a patient gets and then expose the best ways to solve it. All of the reasons about health care above can help us understand how well the health care in a big city is. In conclusion, people have their own choices to decide to live in countryside or a big city. As I can see, most of old people probably tend to live in countryside because they like to have peaceful life and enjoy themselves with the fresh air and quietness. However, other people want their own life comfortable and convenient. For me or even my future family, I would prefer to live in a big city because of the modern life, high education, and good health care.

Best Practices for the Leadership of Cross

Microsoft Publisher Essays

Microsoft Publisher Essays Microsoft Publisher Paper Microsoft Publisher Paper The hardware needed to complete the web site for Mr Murray can all be purchased from a leading computer store for around i 700. This will include: A 1. 5ghz processor which will insure the computer runs at a reasonably fast speed 256mb of Ram. This high level of memory will be necessary when several importing data from   A 40 gigabyte hard drive. This level of storage will be necessary to store all the software and high megabit images needed   Separate CD-RW DVD drives. The CD-RW will be needed to copy CDs as a backup if the hard drive fails. The DVD ROM is a bonus Mr Murray has decided to purchase as a backup DVD player. A modem will be needed for to access the internet for observing and/downloading any necessary information   Speakers are going to be needed to hear audio files that shall be put on the web site   A scanner will be necessary to scan in any images and/photographs A colour printer would be required if Mr Murray wants to see a tangible copy of his web site   A keyboard and Mouse are going to be needed for data entry image manipulation Software There are 3 considerable software packages that could solve Mr Murrays Problems. Each package is discussed below along with its advantages and disadvantages. Software Advantages Disadvantages Microsoft Word   can be used to insert pictures video clips   includes graphics and fancy headings   Staff will not need training, as MS Word is very similar to the current software used MS Works   Cannot be edited with as much ease as a true desktop publishing package. The cost of the program is an issue Front Page Express   Specifically written for producing web sites, which is accessible from anywhere in the world   Difficult to use Staff will need training   The cost of the program is an issue Microsoft Publisher. Specifically written for publishing, and can be used to publish a web site, which is accessible from anywhere in the world   The easiest software package to learn and use   Staff should not need training, as software contains detailed tutorials The cost of the program is an issue Choice of Software MS Publisher is the most suitable software package as it best meets the most user requirements mentioned in the identify section. Although MS Word has the necessary features to meet the majority of the user requirements mentioned in the Identify section, it is not the easiest software package to navigate. This is very important to Mr Murray as one of his main requirements is that the system easy to use, and easily changeable. FrontPage Express, would be a considerable software package to use as it is uses many advanced features, and would almost certainly meet all the user requirements in the Identify Section. Even so, one of the objectives in the Identify Section states that the website produced must be updated by current staff. This would not be possible in Front Page Express, unless staff take training. However this would not be necessary with MS Publisher as it is very easy to use, and has numerous detailed tutorials. Nevertheless, there is a disadvantage with MS Publisher as shown in the above table. Nonetheless this is not a major problem, for the reason that Mr Murray has members of family who are willing to invest in his business as mentioned earlier. In addition to Microsoft Publisher, a graphics package such as paint shop pro will be needed to scan in images. If any graphics to be included in the website need touching up, this can also be done in Paint Shop Pro. Data Collection and input Before a website or any web pages can be produced for Mr Murrays system, raw data needs to be obtained. As a result, information about each every product in s Raw data needed for Mr Murrays website will include: Images of products can be collected by using a digital camera to take pictures of all the products in store. Alternatively, images can be scanned in from numerous video magazines. An even better source of images would be the internet. The internet could be used to search for, and download required images of products, from official websites.

Discussion 707 5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion 707 5 - Assignment Example Through inter-professional collaboration, the group can allocate duties among themselves and establish vital contacts with other medical planning professional (Kaur, Roberton & Glasgow, 2013). They can also embrace technology in conducting cost analysis, compiling statistics, scheduling of project activities and the delivery of educational knowledge to patients. The measurable outcome of this project is the number of patients presenting any complication related to diabetes mellitus. The outcome is suitable as it is easily measurable, and it correlates with the impact of the individualized educational session. The data points that the clinicians may use is blood sugar level in a patient and the rate of compliance with the medication. The blood sugar level is an appropriate data point as it depicts the chances of contracting diabetes. The frequency of compliance with medication also determines the possibility of attracting diabetes. Alternatively, the frequency of compliance to the recommended dietary specification also can serve as a data point. The group can use gender and age as the specific client demographic data points. Gender data point can depict how the correspondence between heath education varies with sex of an individual (Ford, 2010). Age data point shows how different individuals with different age groups respond to the education provided by the health

The Most Effective Government Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Most Effective Government - Essay Example The most effective government fulfills its purpose. As it has been stated, â€Å"government exists to control: to govern means ‘to control’† (Janda et al, n.d; p.9). At first glance all governments seem to fit this definition. However, additional considerations must be given to determine if a government is truly effective. If the government only exists to enforce control over society, then people have little reason to submit themselves to being ruled. Government must offer benefits to society in order for it to truly fulfill its purpose. It has been reported that, â€Å"throughout history, government has served two major purposes: maintaining order (preserving life and protecting property) and providing public goods. More recently, some governments have pursued a third purpose, promoting equality, which is more controversial† (Janda et al. n.d; p.9). The purpose of government as so described can be used to determine if a government is effective. Therefore, effective government will be successful in fulfilling all of its purpose as has been described. Democracy can be considered the most effective government because it is most successful in maintaining order, providing public goods, and promoting equality. The Ability to Maintaining Order Communism is marked by a â€Å"disappearance of civil, political, and economic rights† (Sanchez 2010:p.1). People that live in such countries are not free. Having no rights, they become ordinary gears in the clockwork of society. By this it would seem that communism is a form of government that is the most effective in maintaining order. Yet, where there is order there should also be peace. Where people are oppressed, there are limits to their peace. Due to the oppression that is characteristic of communist governments a government which offers more liberty better fulfils this requirement. As it has been stated, â€Å"A free society requires a citizenry that is capable of taking personal responsibility for bettering their lot, and voluntarily promoting and protecting public goods such as education, health, public order, peace, and justice† (Thunder, 2009). According to this statement democracy, with its promotion of free society is better equipped to fulfill the require ment of maintaining order by design. The maintenance of this government requires the existence of public order and peace. Such is not the case with communism. Providing Public Goods Communist countries demand work from their citizens. Many have laws that call for the imprisonment of any citizen who fails to maintain a job. The people’s work may aid in the continuation of existence and maintenance of their countries, but there is much lacking in the governmental provision of public goods. It has been reported of communist North Korea that â€Å"due to the nature of it being a tightly controlled police State, very little information leaves the country about the daily life of those who live there† (International Christian Concern 2010). Communist governments maintain a tight grip on the lives of their people. To the communist government, whatever provisions they allot the people are sufficient. However, it is clear that this government fails to supply adequate public good s to its people. In fact, communist governments have been identified as purposefully oppressing their people in order to further their own interests. It has been told that, â€Å"†¦North Korea seems confident its long-suffering people –battered by famine, floods, and economic mismanagement – will continue to suffer in silence† (Magnier 2006). Having failed to provide for the people adequately, democracy has won over communism in fulfilling the purpose of government. While poverty may be found in democratic countries such as America,

Engaging Boys with SEN in Literacy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

Engaging Boys with SEN in Literacy - Essay Example The paper tells that since the last few decades, there has been a significant increment in the concern of educators and social scientists regarding educational processes of children with SEN or special education needs. Particularly, it has now become a debatable notion where educators and policy makers argue over the efficacy and applicability of ‘inclusion’ and ‘mainstreaming’ factors for children with special needs. It has been an observation that schools and teachers that offer inclusive packages for SEN students seem to be claiming their superiority over the schools that are educating SEN students with mainstream children. However, as the time go by and as research is being carried out, huge number of educators and teachers are now realizing the importance of mainstream education and the positive effects that mainstream education system leaves on students with special needs. The project under consideration was an attempt in the same context that allowed the researcher to explore his own teaching methodology, and more importantly, engage with male students having special educational needs to ensure their literacy in the classrooms that has been an imperative issue since many years. For this purpose, the project has been a milestone for the researcher’s teaching career, as it enabled him to look on other side of boat that is inclusive teacher-student experience while remaining a mainstream teacher. One of the major reasons of getting into this project was the understanding about different factors that exist in our education system, which do not allow a student to groom properly and sometimes, the child ends up being one with special educational needs. In this regard, I carried out this project as my responsibility to explore the issues that surround the problem of lack of literacy in students and that subsequently results in creation of SEN students. KNOWLEDGE BASE As mentioned earlier, topics surrounding children with special educational needs have received noteworthy amount of attention during the last few decades, especially in the European region where educators and policy makers have put enormous efforts in understanding the inclusion of students and the way with which mainstream schooling affects development and growth of students. Brief review of the literature has indicated that with the development of new educational policies, it has now become responsibility of local schools to ensure education of children with any disabilities or differences in the social, cultural, or emotional context. In the past, educators used to indicate the importance of an inclusive group of students with special needs, however, recent studies have indicated no need for any separate defined setting or grouping for such

Elie Saab Marketing Analysis

Elie Saab Marketing Analysis Expanding a luxury brand without diluting its luxury status has become a challenge to many luxury brands. Premium luxury brands therefore need to plan their expansion strategy carefully. This report will focus on how the Elie Saab brand may develop by offering the brand extension of lingerie to be sold alongside its ready-to-wear collection. The price range of lingerie is normally lower compared to other ready-to-wear products, therefore this product extension has the potential to enlarge the accessibility of the ES brand and grow the current consumer segmentation. The new product line should inherit the brands essence. The launching and promoting of the new line will be an appropriate way for the brand to get more exposure and will reinforce its brand identity. The report will cover the product extension and communication issue respectively, while critically evaluate the plan as a whole. Started as a couture house in Beirut, ELIE SAAB (ES) has an ambition of turning into a global luxury brand. ES exclusively target on the worldwide super-wealthy class, while successfully maintains a loyal customer base from the Middle East. In addition, the brand is favoured by royalty, for its luxurious, feminine but slightly conservative style. ES dresses are widely present in different prestigious events, worn by celebrities from different regions. The product lines of ES currently include Haute Couture, Ready-to-Wear (RTW), Wedding Dresses, and Accessories. The expanding of the brand, however, continued through many forms including luxury hotel and super yachts (SHUAYTO, 2012). Nevertheless, there are still many problems exist, and if not handled carefully, they may remit the pace of ESs growth. it was pointed out that Elie Saab, owner of ELIE SAAB, wanted to be involved in not only every aspects of his Haute Couture line, but also all the branding decision making process. (SHUAY TO, 2012) Saabs tight control of the brand may consume most of his energy, which makes the brand expansion on product line rather difficult. Besides, with only 150 employees, (SHUAYTO, 2012) the ES Group is relatively small compared to other luxury brands from large luxury groups such as LVMH (100,00employees) (ARNAULT, N/D). Thus the amount of support ES could receive for expansion is very limited. Furthermore, recognition is a key element in conspicuous consumption, for it endows the owner of luxury product with admiration. (KAPFERER, 2012)ES have covered several communication channels in brand image building, but the exposure is still not enough. ELIE SAABs facebook page has received 800,987 likes (Facebook, 2013b), while Dior has 11,480,356 likes (Facebook, 2013a). It is the same on the ELIE SAAB YouTube channel (2013a), which only have 4,580 subscribers (Dior: 47,871) (YouTube LLC, 2013c), and on its twitter page (2013b) with 128,682 followers (Dior: 1,794,503) (Twitter,Inc., 2 013a). It would seem that ES havent caught much attention of the public. For such a vibrant premium brand, expending without diluting its luxury status requires a very well planed strategy. Regarding the situation mentioned above, the report will illustrate how ELIE SAAB could develop by introducing the brand extension of lingerie to be sold alongside its Ready-to-Wear line. The lingerie sector has enjoyed a continuous growth of 16.1% in the UK market during the previous five years. It was considered to be a treat for a woman in an affordable price during the recession. (Hucker, 2013) It is reported that in Western Europe and the US, the average number of lingerie purchased by a woman annually is two bras and around five briefs. As a function-oriented product, Lingerie is considered to be a necessity, and the need always exists. Nevertheless, despite the booming UK lingerie market, the global lingerie market suffered from the recession. Moreover, the market is overcrowded with many discount retailers sourcing from Asian countries, which is pulling down the pricing point. (Hughes, 2011) The price of bras range from under six pounds to over 250 pounds, but only a few brands produce premium lingerie (Independent Print Ltd., 2012). In the niche market of premium lingerie (NI Syndication Limited., 2007), the reputation of ES could be an advantage, let along i ts loyal high-end client base. Meanwhile, as the price range of lingerie is lower compared to High-end RTW (SHUAYTO, 2012), the new line would potentially enlarge the accessibility of the ES brand. Overall, entering the lingerie market could be a challenging opportunity for ELIE SAAB. The essential goal of this plan is to expand product range, increase brand exposure, and assist ELIE SAABs transformation into a global premium brand. Product extension Lingerie design, especially brassiere design, requires very specific skills and knowledge. The time required in the designing process is also particularly long. As lingerie is of great importance in shaping a perfect body, customers require optimum fit, high function, as well as attractiveness. From cups to shoulder strap, all of them are important in providing a centralized and firm appearance, while designing them equally costs great energy. (Liao Lee, 2010) Since ELIE SAAB is still a growing company with not much employees, and is a brand highly dependent on Elie Saab, the suggestion would be to achieve the expansion through licensing. But it should be handled very carefully, for licensing could possibility dilute the brand. (Hoffmann Stankeviciute, 2012) Some even argue that the key of maintaining the luxe of a brand is never get involved in licensing. (KAPFERER, 2012) While other suggest that though risking dilution, licensing still proves to be a fair choice for brands to acc ess expertise in the area where their knowledge and power is limited. (Colucci, et al., 2008) First and foremost, the lingerie line must inherit the sprite of ELIE SAAB. It should be designed and inspired base on the ES haute couture collection or RTW collection, and be cohesive with the collections of the core brand in style and aesthetics in that season. Consumers expect the luxury brand to offer them a product that possess the quality, design and value that the parent brand represents. (Hoffmann Stankeviciute, 2012) Especially for a brand like ELIE SAAB, which highly relies on loyal customers, (SHUAYTO, 2012) fulfilling the consumers expectation and keeping the brand image clear is exceptionally important. ELIE SAAB is known for its luxurious, dreamy, and feminine style.(Fig 1) Lace, chiffon, silk, crystal, hand-made beading and embroidery (NI Syndication Limited., 2007), those materials used in ES haute couture collections can also be seen in lingerie design, which could be counted as an advantage in reaching the coherence of core brand and lingerie line. The service provided for the lingerie line is equally important, for providing ultimate customer experience is another promise of the ES brand. To minimize the dilution of core brand, the ES lingerie line should be positioned as premium lingerie (Hoffmann Stankeviciute, 2012). The most important part of buying lingerie is fit (Law, et al., 2012). It is important for the consumers to feel comfortable in their lingerie (Liao Lee, 2010). However, most women do not know how to find a right size, and the sizes that many retailers provide are not accurate. Fitting has become a major problem for the lingerie industry (Hucker, 2013). Thus in every ES lingerie stores, there need to be at least one professional fitter to help, and provide the customers a one-to-one fitting service. Also, in the lingerie sector on the ES official website, a specific multi-media lingerie fitting guidance, using the form of video, picture and word description (Fig 2), should be provided. The cost of producing a fitting video and putting the information on the ES website could be quite low, but this effort may affect customers confidence of purchasing ES lingerie positively. bra fitting.jpg To improve customer experience, ES may consider providing customized lingerie. Co-design, which involves customers in the designing process of their own order, may be welcomed by those who eager for a differentiated, unique product. In the co-design process, customers are provided several pre designed options of each part of the product, and they can create a unique product by combining their choices. Burberry has put a co-design section on their website, where customers can design their own trench coat, and then order creation. (Fig 3) The co-designed trench coat will be produced separately. (Burberry Group Plc, N/D) Co-design offers a memorable experience to customers, which may interest the loyal customers, and possibly attract new customers. (Liao Lee, 2010) Nevertheless, the cost of producing co-design lingerie may be quite high. The Burberry co-design products are priced about one to two hundred pounds higher than their similar RTW products in the same length and material. The ratio of mark up is merely 0.18% approximately, due to the high price of the RTW product range. If ES decide to adopt co-design in the lingerie line, the ratio of mark up needs to be carefully calculated, in order to make enough profit, but still remain acceptable for the customers. Marketing communication The lunching of a new product line will probably draw much attention. Seizing the chance, ELIE SAAB may increase its exposure by doing a series of campaign, aiming at building the image of a global premium brand. Without enough brand awareness, it is very hard for luxury brands to create desire and attraction (KAPFERER, 2012). Hence, most luxury brands tend to build a whole brand image, rather than the image of a single product category. In addition, by showing the image of their target consumers lifestyle, brands could form an image of a brand users in the consumers mind. Potential customers may be attracted by the perception of a brands personality, moreover, may produce a stronger purchasing intention when they find similarities between their self-image and the image of a typical brand user (Fang, et al., 2012). Marketing the ES lingerie line by promoting the whole brand, emphasising the luxe of the core brand, may also protect the brand from dilution. Communicating the heritage inspiration and cultural reference may help a relatively new brand elevating its position in consumers mind. As a hedonic product, luxury products need to not only have a physical function, but also embraces a spiritual function. They should help consumers fulfilling their highest need, which is self-realization (KAPFERER, 2012). To create a scarcity effect, making the brand more desirable, ELIE SAAB may develop a marketing strategy based on culture and art. Producing a short film featuring the inspiration of the unique ELIE SAAB style may help consumers generating a better understanding of the brands cultural background, deepening the meaning behind each ELIE SAAB product. The film should also include the craftsmanship of ES haute couture collection. By showing the intriguing details of haute couture, from the inspiration, drafting to the hand-making process, the film need to plant the concept of haute couture being an art into the viewers mind. Consequent ly, as the brand producing art, ELIE SAAB will be viewed differently. Linked to art, ES products would be seen as artistic creations, rather than commercial goods (KAPFERER, 2012). It embodies the extraordinary taste of its customers, while remains to be a desirous dream of the non-owners. Another way of marketing ELIE SAAB as an artistic brand is to hold and exhibition showing the history and creations of the brand. The company could partner with an art museum, and show their archived pieces from previous fashion shows. Also, the creating process may be an interesting to show on the exhibition. It would be better if the showroom could be designed as a vision of the earliest inspiration of Elie Saab, telling his story of creating art, rather than a copy of an ES flagship store. This is to avoid being viewed as a commercial activity. However, the cost of holding an exhibition might be quite high, and the influence of an exhibition is geographically limited. With the booming of social media, today, marketing is more about communicating and interacting with consumers. Adopting the trend, brands start to pay more attention on digital channels (KAPFERER, 2012). ELIE SAAB is not an exception. The brand has adopted many digital communication platforms including facebook, twitter, YouTube, even weibo.com. Nevertheless, it is noticed that the communication result ES achieved in those platforms is not very impressive. Comparing to its competitors, the number of people getting involved in ESs digital communication channels is quite small. Besides, they do not seem to be very impressed by the information they have received from the ES channels. ELIE SAAB Le Parfum Ad Campaign video has only received 73 likes. (YouTube LLC, 2011) In contrast, the Miss Dior advert, La vie en rose, received 991 likes. (YouTube LLC, 2013b) As for the short films featuring brand identity, the ES Balade a Paris film has received 209 likes, (YouTube LLC, 2012a) while the Dior Secret Garden-Versailles film has received 6,029 likes (YouTube LLC, 2012b). All the films mentioned above are beautifully made and clearly reveal their brand image. Yet the Miss Dior film appeared eight times on the Dior facebook page (Facebook, 2013a), while the ES Balad a Paris film only appeared in four posts on the ES facebook page (Facebook, 2013b). It can therefore be then presumed that the link between different digital platforms the brand use has some influence on the communication result the brand may receive. ELIE SAAB may want to strengthen the connection between its different communication channels, in order to increase communication efficiency. Critical evalution For a premium brand, expanding through licensing is a huge risk. Being one of the two largest apparel categories of Calvin Klein (Schimroszik, 2012), underwear, which was licensed to the Warnaco group, was a huge success in the 1980s (Robertson, 2012). By 1999, licensing contributed 90% of Calvin Kleins revenue. Yet soon enough, the Calvin Klein brand found that it had little control of its licensees, under an incredible long contract. The luxury status of Calvin Klein was almost destroyed. It took Calvin Klein eight years to get back into business, and slowly started repairing the damage brought by licensing (Hoffmann Stankeviciute, 2012). Notwithstanding the risk, licensing still is a popular expanding method among luxury brands (Colucci, et al., 2008). In fact, if handled carefully, the damage can be minimized (Hoffmann Stankeviciute, 2012). As ELIE SAAB does not have the expertise in lingerie production, licensing is a reasonable choice. But the brand should have tight control over the licensee. The major problem of licensing is the licensees tend to pursuit the fastest success and biggest profit, regardless the impact it may have on the brand. The licenser wants to maintain the consistency of the entire collection, while the licensees may prefer to stick with the most popular designs in the market (Colucci, et al., 2008). And it is the responsibility of the core brand to protect its reputation, including product quality, design aesthetics, customer service, and luxury status. But the licensee might be producing for different brands simultaneously, thus the design of the different products they produce might be similar, or they might borrow the design of ELIE SAAB, and use it in other products that they are producing. Even there is a possibility that the licensee may secretly produces counterfeit version of the ES linge rie using cheaper materials, and sells them in other channels or under other brand names. All of the mentioned problems may result in brand dilution. As a result, ES may need to spend much effort in monitoring the licensee. Despite the drawbacks, with a right partner, ES could achieve the expansion with a relatively low cost. If the plan was executed successfully, the brand could increase brand awareness, and might reinforce the loyalty of its existing customers by impressing them with a new and exciting product line. For some women, lingerie is as important as outer clothing. So the ES customers might be interested in matching the lingerie and the outer wear. Another issue to be concern is the cultural impact of lingerie line. Intimate apparel may have different symbolic meanings in different culture. When marketing globally, it should be noticed that women from different culture may have different need in lingerie. Many ES customers are from the Middle East, where, in the outsiders view, might be quite conservative. On the contrary, it was discovered that sex is quite important for married Muslims. (Asser, 2008). As a result, they may be very interested in lingerie of various bold designs. In the forthcoming years, there is expected to be a recovery of the economy. It could affect the whole luxury market, and could be an opportunity for premium lingerie. Yet the competition among lingerie specialist brands would also be fierce. Many lingerie brands are aiming to the global market, including Victorias Secret, Agent Provocateur, et cetera. With so much choice, consumers might doubt the expertise of the ES lingerie line, because lingerie is generally function-based product. Besides, the link between the lingerie line and the brand emphasising advertise champagne might be weak and confusing. The new lingerie line might be ignored due to this reason. Conclusion and recogminadions Product expansion means a new adventure for a brand. As a young luxury brand that is eager to develop, product expansion will always at some point be adopted. The previous partnership experience of ELIE SAAB indicates that Saab could be not only a brilliant designer, but also a successful businessman. Hence, the risk of expending a new lingerie line through licensing could turn out to be another success of the brand. But ELIE SAAB should choose the partner very carefully. Both the reputation and the producing capability should be taken into consideration. A partner with well established reputation in the industry is the reassurance of quality for the customers (Hoffmann Stankeviciute, 2012). Moreover, ELIE SAAB should have strict control over the licensing project, making sure the products and service remains in the same level as the core ES products. The places where the lingerie line products are sold should also be chosen using ES criterions. The price-point of the lingerie line should remain high, in order to match the premium status of the ES brand. The marketing of the lingerie line is suggested to be focused on building the whole brand image, rather than the single lingerie line. Nevertheless, advertisements featuring the lingerie line product are also needed. ELIE SAAB may consider spending most of its budget on overall brand image campaigns, and only using a small part of the budget to do the lingerie line advert. Overall, the whole plan is designed to assist the developing of the ELIE SAAB brand as a whole, and the main focus should be always on its core products. Otherwise, without the success of the core brand, the lingerie line will soon be forgotten as well.

Huck Finn As A Social Protest Novel :: essays research papers

As Mark Twain takes you through the sometimes exciting and captivating journey of the young character Huck, he takes you even deeper into his protests toward society. Each character and each situation plays a precise and symbolic role as Twain satirizes society for its many faults and hatreds. As you will come to learn, he had many. Therefore, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is the definition of a social protest novel.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Twain uses conflict between the adversary families the Shepherdsons and Grangerfolds to depict the many-religious-hypocrisies of so-called devout Christians of society. This hypocrisy is apparent when Huck related how at, â€Å"Church [during a sermon of brotherly love]†¦ the men took their guns along, so did Buck, and kept them between their knees or stood them handy against the wall.† (Twain 146) This depicts the hypocrisies of these so-called Christians as the worst sort of violent and ignorant hypocrites – they profess to adhere to the ideology of peaceful Christianity and practicing divine understanding, while preparing to kill off each and every member of the adversary family in which they hate for some long-forgotten reason. Because of their living hypocrisy these Christians brought along their guns [to church] knowing their enemies would be side-by-side listening to the sermon, and went against that peace and understanding they supposedl y agree so much with. Huck continued to narrate, â€Å"It was pretty ornery preaching - all about brotherly love and such-like tiresomeness†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Twain 146) This further explains the setting they are in as a place of peace, and shows that even in church in absence of all the outside world they are living out their hypocrisy by not adhering to that brotherly love. Furthermore, there is no brotherly love with a gun between your knee and a fight around the corner. Overall, Twain protests so-called Christian ideals as irrelevant if those Christians are unable to practice what they preach.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As you read along for another example of Twain’s bitter views towards society you will note his use of Huck’s drunken Father. After crossing paths with a successful, freed slave, Pap snarled with alcohol fueled venom, â€Å"There was a free nigger there†¦ ain’t a man in town that’s got as fine clothes as what he had†¦ awfullest old gray-headed nabob in the state.†(Twain 36) This, in friendlier words than what he uses following that remark, shows the type of character a person would have to be to depict a man of such prestige as someone who would be so disgusting to him when he’s the one who should be looking in his own backyard.

Gender Violence

Gender and Violence The young woman from the military article was very courageous for coming out and telling her personal story about the rape she endured while serving In the military. I feel the word and the action of â€Å"rape† has been seen as sort of a taboo for many generations throughout the army. So many questions about gender and violence came to my mind after reading the article. One being, why must woman be afraid of losing their occupation for speaking of a vicious violent act on them?Rape, is such a violent act, which can both physically and psychologically ruin a woman forever. How can these military men shun someone who has no control over what was done to her? The ethics of the case I feel would be found in a country without a justice system. Certain measures need to be changed In order for this order to prevent this type of desensitizing behavior In the military and throughout male driven occupations. Often both abuse and violent behaviors are Internalized at a young age and further exemplified In the person's adulthood.For example, Byron Hurts mentioned In his article how stunned he was about learning the lengths that women do to protect themselves from sexual assault; and how it really evoked him to think ND want to learn about gender. After learning about the female gender issues of violence, I felt he begun to learn what respect a woman really meaner. It is interesting how him choosing to educate himself about violence and gender had a more powerful effect on him than seeing the emotional effects of verbal abuse as a child.He even mentioned how he had a special bond with his mother and seeing her emotional pain did not change his mannerisms and understanding of the proper way to treat a woman. Education may be the most powerful tool in order to prevent violent gender behaviors amongst men towards woman In the military. Many Individuals that enter the military do not have a college education which may have exposed them with some kind of background from a course about violence against women.Being said, some of these men may have grown up in an environment where abuse against a woman was okay and therefore will further exemplify the learned mannerism in the military. Education and creating programs in order to prevent these violent actions are important to erase the macho like mentality found in the military and will help men to understand that it is unacceptable to exhibit such violence against any woman. Reading the articles also made me want to wink further about some personal instances in which female family or friends have kept quiet about unwanted male behavior In the workplace.An event that came to mind was how my sister said she always tries to avoid the copy room at work because the last time she went In there a random man asked her out on a date. It Is Interesting how that small level of male Inappropriateness made my sister forever want to avoid the copy room. Comparing this to the violence against the women in the military is nothing, I can only imagine Just now terrible these woman tell trot all the negativity of an unpreventable violent act against their body.

Free Essays on Due Process

Due process is best defined in one word-fairness. Throughout the history of the United States, its constitutions, statues and case law have provided standards for fair treatment of citizens by federal, state and local governments. These standards are known as due process. Due process of law is administered through courts of justice in accordance with established and sanctioned legal principles and procedures, and the safeguards for the protection of individual rights. When or if at anytime a person is treated unfairly by the government, the criminal justice system (to include the courts), that person is said to have been deprived of or denied his/her due process. it is often referred to in such terms as the "law of the land" and "legal judgement of his peers." The first time these expressions were used in the sense of due process was in the great charter of English liberty, the Magna Carter. In the United States, the phrase due process first appears in the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified December 15, 1791. the amendment refers specifically to federal and not state actions, therefore another amendment was necessary to include the states. this was accomplished by the 14th Amendment, ratified July 9, 1868. As a result of the ratification, it was established at both federal and state levels that no person "shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law." Recently, the United States Supreme Court has placed emphasis on procedural safeguards in the administration of criminal justice in federal and state cours. As determined by custom and law, due process has become a guarantee of civil as well as criminal rights. Through interpretation of the law, due process has grown to include, among other things, provision for ensuring an accused person a fair and public trial before a competent tribunal, the right to be present at the trial, and the right ot be heard in his/her own defe... Free Essays on Due Process Free Essays on Due Process The phrase ''due process of law'' does not necessarily imply a proceeding in a court or a plenary suit and trial by jury in every case where personal or property rights are involved. 25 ''In all cases, that kind of procedure is due process of law which is suitable and proper to the nature of the case, and sanctioned by the established customs and usages of the courts.'' 26 What is unfair in one situation may be fair in another. 27 ''The precise nature of the interest that has been adversely affected, the manner in which this was done, the reasons for doing it, the available alternatives to the procedure that was followed, the protection implicit in the office of the functionary whose conduct is challenged, the balance of hurt complained of and good accomplishedthese are some of the considerations that must enter into the judicial judgment.'' 28 n. a fundamental principle of fairness in all legal matters, both civil and criminal, especially in the courts. All legal procedures set by statute and court practice, including notice of rights, must be followed for each individual so that no prejudicial or unequal treatment will result. While somewhat indefinite, the term can be gauged by its aim to safeguard both private and public rights against unfairness. The universal guarantee of due process is in the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which provides "No person shall†¦be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law," and is applied to all states by the 14th Amendment. From this basic principle flows many legal decisions determining both procedural and substantive rights.... Free Essays on Due Process Due process is best defined in one word-fairness. Throughout the history of the United States, its constitutions, statues and case law have provided standards for fair treatment of citizens by federal, state and local governments. These standards are known as due process. Due process of law is administered through courts of justice in accordance with established and sanctioned legal principles and procedures, and the safeguards for the protection of individual rights. When or if at anytime a person is treated unfairly by the government, the criminal justice system (to include the courts), that person is said to have been deprived of or denied his/her due process. it is often referred to in such terms as the "law of the land" and "legal judgement of his peers." The first time these expressions were used in the sense of due process was in the great charter of English liberty, the Magna Carter. In the United States, the phrase due process first appears in the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified December 15, 1791. the amendment refers specifically to federal and not state actions, therefore another amendment was necessary to include the states. this was accomplished by the 14th Amendment, ratified July 9, 1868. As a result of the ratification, it was established at both federal and state levels that no person "shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law." Recently, the United States Supreme Court has placed emphasis on procedural safeguards in the administration of criminal justice in federal and state cours. As determined by custom and law, due process has become a guarantee of civil as well as criminal rights. Through interpretation of the law, due process has grown to include, among other things, provision for ensuring an accused person a fair and public trial before a competent tribunal, the right to be present at the trial, and the right ot be heard in his/her own defe...

History of US Naval Station at Pearl Harbor

History of US Naval Station at Pearl Harbor The early 1800s: Known to native Hawaiians as Wai Momi, meaning water of pearl, Pearl Harbor was believed to be the home of the shark goddess Kaahupahau and her brother, Kahiuka. Beginning in the first half of the 19th century, Pearl Harbor was identified as the possible location for a naval base by the United States, Great Britain, and France. Its desirability was reduced however by the shallow water and reefs that blocked its narrow entrance. This restriction led to it largely being overlooked in favor of other locations in the islands. US Annexation: In 1873, the Honolulu Chamber of Commerce petitioned King Lunalilo to negotiate a reciprocal treaty with the United States to further the bond between the two nations. As an inducement, the King offered the cessation of Pearl Harbor to the United States. This element of the proposed treaty was dropped when it became clear the Lunalilos legislature would not approve the treaty with it included. The Reciprocity Treaty was ultimately concluded in 1875, by Lunalilos successor, King Kalakaua. Pleased by the treatys economic benefits, the King soon sought to extend the treaty beyond its term of seven years. The effort to renew the treaty met with resistance in the United States. After several years of negotiation, the two nations agreed to renew the treaty through the Hawaii-United States Convention of 1884. Ratified by both nations in 1887, the convention granted to the Government of the US the exclusive right to enter the harbor of Pearl River, in the Island of Oahu, and to establish and maintain there a coaling and repair station for the use of vessels of the US and to that end the US may improve the entrance to said harbor and do all things useful to the purpose aforesaid. The Early Years: The acquisition of Pearl Harbor met with criticism from Britain and France, who had signed a compact in 1843, agreeing not compete over the islands. These protests were ignored and the US Navy took possession of the harbor on November 9, 1887. Over the next twelve years, no efforts were made to enhance Pearl Harbor for naval use as the harbors shallow channel still prevented the entrance of larger ships. Following Hawaiis annexation to the United States in 1898, efforts were made to enhance the Navys facilities to support operations in the Philippines during the Spanish-American War. These improvements were focused on the Navys facilities in Honolulu Harbor, and it was not until 1901, that attention was turned to Pearl Harbor. In that year, appropriations were made to acquire land around the port and improve the entrance channel into the harbors lochs. After efforts to purchase the adjacent land failed, the Navy obtained the present site of the Navy Yard, Kauhua Island, and a strip on the southeast coast of Ford Island through eminent domain. Work also began dredging the entrance channel. This progressed quickly and in 1903, USS Petral became the first vessel to enter the harbor. Growing the Base: Though improvements had begun at Pearl Harbor, the bulk of the Navys facilities remained in Honolulu through the first decade of the 20th century. As other governmental agencies began encroaching on the Navys property in Honolulu, the decision was made to begin shifting activities to Pearl Harbor. In 1908, Naval Station, Pearl Harbor was created and construction began on the first drydock the following year. Over the next ten years, the base grew steadily with new facilities being constructed and the channels and lochs deepened to accommodate the Navys largest ships. The only major setback involved the construction of the dry dock. Begun in 1909, the drydock project angered locals who believed the shark god lived in caves on the site. When the drydock collapsed during construction due to seismic disturbances, Hawaiians claimed that the god was angry. The project was finally completed in 1919, at cost of $5 million. In August 1913, the Navy abandoned its facilities in Honolulu and began to solely focus on developing Pearl Harbor. Allocated $20 million to turn the station into a first-rate base, the Navy completed the new physical plant in 1919. Expansion: While work was moving along on shore, Ford Island in the middle of the harbor was purchased in 1917, for joint Army-Navy use in developing military aviation. The first aircrews arrived at new Luke Field in 1919, and the following year the Naval Air Station was established. While the 1920s were largely a time of austerity at Pearl Harbor as post-World War I appropriations decreased, the base continued to grow. By 1934, the Minecraft Base, Fleet Air Base, and Submarine Base had been added to the existing Navy Yard and Naval District. In 1936, work began to further improve the entrance channel and to construct repair facilities to make Pearl Harbor a major overhaul base on par with Mare Island and Puget Sound. With the increasingly aggressive nature of Japan in the late 1930s and the outbreak of World War II in Europe, further efforts were made to expand and improve the base. With tensions heightening, the decision was made to hold the US Pacific Fleets fleet exercises off Hawaii in 1940. Following these maneuvers, the fleet remained at Pearl Harbor, which became its permanent base in February 1941. World War II and After: With the shift of the US Pacific Fleet to Pearl Harbor, the anchorage was expanded to accommodate the entire fleet. On the morning of Sunday, December 7, 1941, Japanese aircraft launched a surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. Crippling the US Pacific Fleet, the raid killed 2,368 and sank four battleships and heavily damaged four more. Forcing the United States into World War II, the attack placed Pearl Harbor on the front lines of the new conflict. While the attack had been devastating to the fleet, it did little damage to the bases infrastructure. These facilities, which continued to grow during the war, proved vital to ensuring that US warships remained in fighting condition throughout the conflict. It was from his headquarters at Pearl Harbor that Admiral Chester Nimitz oversaw the American advance across the Pacific and the ultimate defeat of Japan. Following the war, Pearl Harbor remained the homeport of the US Pacific Fleet. Since that time it has served to support naval operations during the Korean and Vietnam Wars, as well as during the Cold War. Still in full use today, Pearl Harbor is also home to the USS Arizona Memorial as well as the museum ships USS Missouri and USS Bowfin. Selected Sources A Brief History of Pearl Harbor Prior to World War IINaval Station Pearl Harbor

Racism in Football (soccer) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Racism in Football (soccer) - Essay Example Basically race and football presents itself in several forms. Since the early years of the last century, many fans have used their football matches to express their racial chauvinism though it has been discovered that these were just a minority of the population but causing great trouble. It's very critical how the minority groups could become very dangerous to coaches, players, and fans. Basically the problem could be worse than implied because many respondents perceive not to give bad impressions. This research will study the extent of racial discrimination in football especially at international and professional levels, and the strategies to alleviate this problem. Racism is a big concern in the world of football all over. In essence, racism is not simply aimed at undermining or intimidating football players because of the colour of their skin (Russell 1997). In recent times, coaches, officials and even fans have fallen victims of racial discrimination particularly based on their nationality, ethnic origin and religion. Some people are targeted because they are associated by their opponents rather than the colour of skin and ethnicity (Back & Solomos 1998). There have also been cases where people have been individualized and insulted by their own fans, the most notable incidence was that of John Barnes. Racism is a major problem especially in the European nations and a very critical factor in the cases of hooliganism in football. The real degree to which racism is practiced is virtually difficult to measure since there is no detailed information as evidence or important data and statistical analyses are non existent (Russell 1997). Nonetheless, the activities of disorders in football are particularly on the international level are often referred to as racists or they are perceived to be perpetrated by a groups of racists and currently even some clubs are being considered as being inherently supporters of racism. Types of Racism Racism in football takes a variety of forms and some of them are not clearly seen as discriminatory. However chanting against a team, player, coach, football official or fans has been a common form of racist activity. This was very common especially in the English football in the period around 1970s and 1980s. A crowd of some fans usually made some funny noises at players; in England, fans made monkey noises to intimidate black football players on the field. Some other cases included even more personalized abuse and insults (Back & Solomos 1998). A outstanding case is that of Deptford fire where thirteen black players in their youthful ages were burnt by a mod to death, while chanting insulting songs- ' niggers burning better than petroleum' could be heard even as far as Milwall. There have been anti-Semitic songs targeting for instance the Tottenham Hotspurs fans. Other songs are patriotic and connected to country's national anthems. Due to the increasing number of cases of racist chanting during football matches, a law was enacted in 1991 termed as the football offences act which made these chants during soccer matches an illegal activity but this law is still inadequately effective in its definition of chanting; chanting is defined as 'utterances of any words made repeatedly or making of some sounds in unison with one or a

A comparison between Biolegia PLC and Sleepeasy chain of hotels Essay

A comparison between Biolegia PLC and Sleepeasy chain of hotels - Essay Example This is referred to as organization structure (Schein, 2010). Each and every organization can be structured in its own way depending on how it aims to achieve its set out objectives (Alvenson, 2002). The purpose of the organizational structure is to ensure a standard of operation upon which the organization can rely on as its employees execute their duties (Keyton, 2002). The structure also dictates who is able to participate in what kind of decision making activity thus affecting the organization. This paper aims at looking at two different organizations and their structures. The paper will compare the structures of the two organizations in terms of their approach to team work, their structure and design and lastly the cultures in the organization. Objectives 1. To compare approaches to teamwork by structures of two different organizations 2. To compare organizational structures and designs of two different organizations 3. To compare cultures in two different organizations Comparis on of approaches to teamwork and team working Looking at the two case studies above, it can be revealed that there is a big difference in the way Biogenia Plc and Sleepeasy chain of hotels approaches the issue of teamwork among its employees. In the case of Biogenia, teamwork is encouraged among its employees right away from the time they are recruited into the company to the time they are released into the field to go and represent its interests in various countries. Biogenia employees people of different nationalities to work for them in a particular station as seen by 20 people of different nationalities working for the company and also the team that was sent to develop a pesticide in South Africa. On the other hand, Sleepeasy chain of hotels has been found not have encouraged the spirit of diversity, and in any given hotel, people of the same ethnic group are found to be working there in large numbers. Biogenia employs people who have expertise knowledge in different fields such as Biology, chemistry and Information technology then distribute them to work in different departments within the company. The benefits of this include the fact that employees are able to cope with each other on a personal basis, and hence their experience is brought together for the good of the organization (Frost, 1991). There are also other activities within the organization that serve to ensure that the spirit of teamwork is maintained e.g. going to a gym that has been subsidized by the company and sparing time to have fun when on company like the one in South Africa. The productivity of the company is also enhanced by people who are qualified to do a job that entails different tasks; the firm has been able to bring together different professionals to work for it hence creating a team that is powerful in execution of its duties. Sleepeasy has not keenly embraced the issue of diversity in its recruitment procedures thereby coming up with a team that works towards a common goal h as been difficult. The hotel employs people of the same ethnic group in every country that it operates in and hence streamlining employees with the organization’s goals has been a bit difficult. The company also lacks activities that can encourage a spirit of teamwork among its employees and has gone as far as not being able to recognize trade unions. The operation pattern within the organization encourages a spirit of individualism because each employee is treated as an individual, hence employees do not work as a team in achieving companies goals objectives. The company does not organize meetings of employees on a regular basis like Biogenia to monitor the progress that has been made by each